Tools required for testing of
domestic appliances
Most of the defects in electrical
appliances can be found by visual examination, but some types of defects can
only be found by testing by a competent person may be required at regular
intervals, depending upon the type of equipment and the environment in which it
is used. The following tools are required to test and repair domestic
appliances:
·
Pliers
·
Screw driver
·
Wrenches and spanners
·
Electric soldering iron
·
Line tester
·
Pocket knife
·
Portable pipe vice
Along with the above tools, the
tools which are required for electric wiring and carpentry are given below:
·
Drill machines
·
Poker or scratch awl
·
Chisels
·
Hand saw
·
Files
·
Hammers
·
Grinding stone
The function of some of the
commonly used tools in testing and repairing domestic appliances is given
below:
Pliers
·
Insulated combination pliers:
They are used
for gripping, twisting, bending and cutting wiring or cables in electrical,
communication and construction work. They are also used for hand grip of
electric components and removing insulation.
·
Diagonal cutting pliers:
These pliers are
used for cutting and skinning wires, cutting and removing pains and nails. They
are used to cut off wires close to connecting point where combination pliers
will not be suitable. They are used particularly to cut small parts where large
pliers cannot be reached.
·
Gas pliers:
Its jaws can be
extended so that it can be used for working with nuts, bushing and conduits. It
is used for gripping small pipes, rods, or other round objects.
·
Long noise pliers:
It is used to hold
wires in a small space, to tighten or open nuts and cut wires. It can be used
to grip small objects, holding small gauge wires, bend loops and attach wires,
as the name indicates, its long nose gives excellent control while cutting
objects near the pliers joint. Because of their long shape they are useful for
reaching into small areas where cables or other materials have become stuck or
unreachable with fingers or other means.
Screw Drivers:
They are usually hand operated, for
turning screws with slotted heads in electrical appliances. The shaft is
usually made of tough steel to resist wear. Handle of screw driver is mostly
made of insulating materials such as wood, or plastic and usually hexagonal,
square or oval in shape for better grip. Some screwdrivers have interchangeable
tips that fit into a socket on the end of the shaft and are held in
mechanically or magnetically.
Wrenches and spanners:
They are available in various
sizes. They can be used for assembling or disconnecting the pipes for wiring.
Moreover they can also be used to tighten or loosen nuts and bolts of motors
and other equipment. It is tool used to provide grip and apply torque to turn
objects such as nuts and bolts. A spanner is a type of wrench with an opening
and little teeth. It can be used to get a good grip of a nut or bolt. The main
difference between a spanner and a wrench is the spanner is usually adjustable.
It can be used to work with many sizes of nuts and bolts.
Electric Soldering Iron
It supply heat to melt solder so
that it can flow into the joint between two conductors. A soldering iron
composed of a achieved electrically, by passing an electric current through a
resistive heating element. Soldering iron tips are mostly made of copper plated
with iron.
Line Tester:
This is used for testing the line
or phase wire to check the presence of voltage before starting a work. In order
to test the live wire, the user’s body must be in contact with the metal cap on
the top of the screwdriver when the tester is put in contact with the wire. This
completes the electrical circuit and the bulb will light up once the tester
senses voltage as in fig.
Pocket Knife:
It is used to peel the insulation
of insulated wires or to cut the wires.
Portable pipe vice:
Conduits or pipes to be cut are
clamped in the vice. This can also be used to disassemble ceiling fans and
other electrical equipment.
Drill Machines:
They have twisted drill bits
which can be used to make holes in the wall, wood or metal objects. Different
types of drill bits can be used depending upon the type of application.
Poker or scratch Awl:
It consists of a sharp piece of
steel projecting from a wooden head. It is used for making marks or impressions
on soft surfaces such as wood.
Chisel:
A chisel has a blade with sharp
cutting edge, for carving or cutting a hard material such as wood, stone or
metal by hand when it is struck with a hammer.
Hand saw:
It has a sharp edge with teeth
and handle for grip. It used to cut wooden oieces and making the edges for
cashing in electric wiring.
Files:
Different types of files are used
for different applications. Flat files are used to make metal and wood surfaces
smooth. Round or half round files are used to smoothen holes in metal or wood.
Triangular files are used to sharpen hand saw teeth.
Hammers:
Hammers are made of mild steel
with wooden handles. They are used in small house wiring which needs heavy
striking force, for example to drive a chisel or drill into brick or concrete
will. Various types of hammers can seen in fig.
Grinding stone:
It is used to sharpen various
types of bits to make their edges sharp.
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